Economic history of nigeria in the 19th century pdf

Whilst west africa was first settled about 12,000 bce, the 19th century was a crucial time in the history of region. Among the most important were the northeastern kingdom of borno, the hausa citystatekingdoms of katsina, kano, zaria, and gobir in. The issue is seen from the perspective of the dynamics of development in what was in 1900 an overwhelmingly landabundant region characterised by shortages of labour and capital, by perhaps. Pdf this paper examines the problem of nigerias economic development. Evidence of human occupation in nigeria dates back thousands of years.

In nigeria, there were four principal areas of production of salt in the 19th century the niger delta, the ohaozara district of igboland, the benue river basin and. The intrayoruba war 18251893 and the military jihad originating from sokoto sultanate2, which spread from the north to the south of nigeria, provoked. History of nigeria economic development added by media. Economic history of nigeria 2001 edition open library. This collection is part of a larger economic history project which was conducted in 19756 and is described in lovejoy, p. One can find examples of sustained economic growth throughout history, for example in the woolen industry in th century flanders, and in 14th century florence. Nigeria and the socioeconomic globalization of the 20th. The series was written ahead of the 2019 annual meeting of the world economic forum in davos, which focuses on globalization 4. During the 19th century, the abolition of the slave trade cleared the way for expansion of. The plateau area around jos was a meeting point for cultural influences from the upper niger valley where agriculture developed independently as early as 5000 bce and from egypt. St matthewdanial the challenges confronting the nigerian econ omy in the 21st century are diverse and enor mous. Excited by the late 20th century wave of economic globalisation, some economic. Many saw nigeria, with 15% of africas population, as an emerging economy.

The process in nigeria political history was immediately followed by the abolition of slave trade in the 19th century and this was motivated by economic factor. Economists today use different ways to explain this phenomenon usually either an external or internal approach. The oldest fossil remains found by archaeologists in the southwestern area of iwo eleru, near akure, have been dated to about 9000 bce. Plantations in the economy of the sokoto caliphate the. For example, many of the major discoveries notably of oil in nigeria and. Britain eventually gained control of nigerian administration.

In the 19th century, britain was interested primarily in opening markets for its manufactured. Library of congress federal research division country profile. Being referred to as the largest black nation, the nigerian economy is one of the most developed economies in. In the first decade of the nineteenth century, two unrelated developments that were to have a major influence on virtually all of the area. The nigerian journal of economic history njeh seeks to promote the scholarly study of africas and the developing worlds past economic issues and events from a diversity of perspectives notably those of history, economics, and other relevant disciplines. An economic history of nigeria r86or96o south african history. It undertakes a historical assessment of economic development efforts in. Njoku, 2001, magnet business enterprises edition, in english. Nigeria has always played a major economic role in the world.

This paper seeks to unearth the progression of economic development of nigeria from 1914 to 2014. Search for library items search for lists search for. This led to a huge loss of potential surplus, and therefore partially stagmented development in nigeria in the early 19th century. All in all, among nigerias many historic kingdoms, benin has earned its widespread renown. This is a short history of africa excluding egypt, ethiopia and dutch and british south africa, which are the subjects of separate histories. British rule exacerbated differences of class, region, and community in nigeria. This has been particularly conspicuous in west africa, whose 19th century precolonial.

By examining key themes such as colonialism, religion, slavery, nationalism, and the economy, the authors show how nigerias history has been swayed by the. The economic development of nigeria from 1914 to 2014. The 19th century was a turning point in the history of nigeria. The history of nigeria can be traced to prehistoric settlers nigerians living in the area as early as 1100 bc.

Nigeria came under the colonial rule of the british united kingdom during the second half of the 19th century and the first decade of the 20th century. The economic development of nigeria from 1914 to 2014 casade. Also in southwest was the yoruba kingdom of ileife and oyo empire while the midwestern has kingdom of benin and the igbo communities of eastern nigeria. Living among the hausa in the northern regions of nigeria are a tribe, the fulani, whose leaders in the early 19th century become passionate advocates of strict islam. In previous pieces, we looked at some winners and losers of economic globalization, the environmental aspect of globalization, cultural globalization and digital globalization. These areas were grouped into protectorates namely lagos, niger coast also known as oi1 river protectorate, and the northern protectorate. Incorporated as a notforprofit foundation in 1971, and headquartered in geneva, switzerland, the forum is tied to no political, partisan or national interests. A major question in the economic history of africa is focusing on explanations for the relative poverty of the continent. Truth is colonialism plays a big role in the history of nigerias economy. Transition in nineteenthcentury west africa cambridge, 1995. Major events in the history of the nigerian oil and gas. Within nigeria, slavery was widespread and bore social implications that are still evident. Colonialism is a major feature of the economic history of nigeria.

The nigerian economy is one of the largest in africa. On the one hand the peasant sector was stimulated by the growth of groundnut exports, especially in the early 1850s. West africa in the precolonial nineteenth century lse research. Some of the history of these countries, however, is naturally mentioned in this history of the rest of africa but is kept to the minimum needed to make the rest comprehensible. A series of world oil price increases from 1973 produced rapid economic growth in transportation, construction. Economic history of west africa in the 19th and 20th centuries. Toyin falola and matthew heaton describe their project as a general background survey of the broad themes of nigerias history from the beginnings of human habitation to the early twentyfirst century p. It is not that women have not been economically active or productive. Nigeria is a famous country with more than one hundred and forty million population. Geographical, historical and political profiles of nigeria. Ahistoryofnigeria assets cambridge university press. The situation in the senegambia region was characterized by a complex interaction between patterns discernible on the coast and in the savanna interior. Earlier in the 19th century, the british had conquered the different parts of the present nigeria at different times, and established control and authority over them.

Nigeria has a long history, with its roots in early civilisations of distinguished artistry. Doc the economic development of nigeria from 1914 to. Bringing together history and economics, this paper presents a historical and processual understanding of womens economic marginalization in subsaharan africa from the precolonial period to the end of colonial rule. How africas colonial history affects its development. External approaches usually focus on institutional patterns within economies. In fact, nigeria was quite important to the world as a vast field of. The unacceptable state of nigerias economy is most galling given nigerias enormous endowments of natural and human resources. Chapter 1 engages with the continuing influence of european and egyptcentred. Three remarkable events occurred respectively, the abolition of slavery and slave trade, the. The economic and social impact of colonial rule in india. Britain annexed lagos in 1861 and established the oil river protectorate in 1884. All in all, among nigeria s many historic kingdoms, benin has earned its widespread renown.

There are isolated collections of ancient tools and artifacts of different periods of the stone age, but the oldest recognizable evidence of an organized. A brief history of globalization world economic forum. History of nigerias economy dated back to before independence on october 1960. Precolonial history of nigeria between the 11th century and european colonial conquest in the late 19th century, the area in and around nigeria was home to a number of sophisticated and influential societies. Of course, these two processes are not independent of each otherat least in terms of cause and effect. A series of unfortunate political and economic events have stalled nigerian growth. Before the british arrived in the late 19th century, nigerias most notable kingdoms were the borno kingdom, the kingdom of katsina and others in the north.

Economic history of nigeria in the 20th century explanations for the decline of agricultural sector of nigeria in the 20th century. Colonial nigeria was the era in the history of nigeria when the region of west africa was ruled by great britain in from the mid 19th century to 1960. Before the country was colonized by britain, during the second half of the 19th century, the various nationality groups that currently make up nigeria were largely an agricultural people. The united kingdom conquered the territory of presentday nigeria, except for the section of former germancontrolled kamerun in. The republic of ghana is named after the medieval ghana empire of west africa. The world economic forum is an independent international organization committed to improving the state of the world by engaging business, political, academic and other leaders of society to shape global, regional and industry agendas. After independence, the nigerian economy seemed very promising. Encouraged by its spectacular industrial development, the uk set up an empire stretching from canada in. Since the late 1960s it has been based primarily on the petroleum industry. Nigeria, july 2008 2 of slaves flowed north across the sahara for a millennium, ending only at the beginning of the twentieth century. The emancipation of the nigerian economy from the 1914 regions of nigeria. British influence in the region began with the prohibition of slave trade to british subjects in 1807. As abolitionist movements spread across europe, west africas position as the epicenter for the capture of slaves for transport across the atlantic was compromised.

Precolonial history of nigeria kingdoms of nigeria. In northern nigeria, muslim reformer and empire builder uthman dan fodio established the sokoto caliphate in the early 19th century over the hausa trading states. The contribution of african women to economic growth and. There were very promising signs about nigerias economy after the country gained independence from britain. A history of nigeria is an impressive book, the more so because its ambitions initially appear straightforward. A predominantly fulani aristocracy ruled over the majority of hausaspeaking commoners, including both merchants and peasants. In the twentyfirst century, this is the most pressing need of nigeria above all. Rise of strong nation states 16th through 19th century. A series of world oil price increases from 1973 produced rapid economic growth in transportation, construction, manufacturing, and government services. Britain maintained its economic hegemony over the colonies through military power, strategic alliances, and the collaboration of indigenous rulers. For almost a century, much of northern nigeria was part of. Nigeria nigeria economic conditions nigeria economic conditions 19th century.

Development of national economic interests to world war ii. The economic and social impact of colonial rule in india chapter 3 of class structure and economic growth. A century in the development of nigeria history essay. Pdf reasons why agriculture is the dominant economic activity of. Numerous ancient african civilizations settled in the region that is today nigeria, such as the kingdom of nri, the benin empire, and the oyo empire. Toyin falola and matthew heaton describe their project as a general background survey of the broad themes of nigeria s history from the beginnings of human habitation to the early twentyfirst century p. Okwudiba nnoli best sums up the effects of the slave trade in his book path to nigerian. Islam reached nigeria through the borno empire between 1068 ad and hausa states around 85 ad during the 11th century, while. Pdf the political zone referred to as northeastern nigeria comprises of the present states of adamawa, bauchi, borno, gombe, taraba and yobe. They were food selfsufficient and produced a variety of commodities that were exported overseas. Geographical, historical and political profiles of nigeria 1.