Two plates sliding past each other forms a transform plate boundary. This occurs where two plates slide past each other no lithosphere is formed here and none is destroyed see figure 4. A plate boundary is where the tectonic plates meet. The fracture zone that forms a transform plate boundary is known as a transform fault. The san andreas fault is a transform fault, a kind common on the sea floor but rarely found on land. Magnetic, gravity, seismic, and deep drill hole data integrated with plate tectonic reconstructions substantiate the existence of a transform plate boundary across southern florida during the.
A transform fault or transform boundary is a fault along a plate boundary where the motion is predominantly horizontal. As the more dense oceanic plate op subducts under the less dense plate cp or op, it pulls the front edge. New oceanic crust is formed through magma rising through the gap and cooling. Plate boundaries are the edge of the tectonic plates. In this animation, we are showing an oceancontinent convergent boundary at the leading edge of the plate. Along the third type of plate boundary, two plates move laterally and pass each other along giant fractures in earths crust. Label the bottom tab transform and draw the plate movements here lift the tab. The most famous example of a transform boundary is the san andreas fault in california.
Types of plate boundaries map identification directions b 1. The theory has caused a revolution in the way we think about the earth. Transform fault, in geology and oceanography, a type of fault in which two tectonic plates slide past one another. Some plates are moving towards each other, some away from each other or sometimes past each other. I can identify examples of transform plate boundaries around the world. Compare and contrast divergent, convergent, and book f 43. How would you describe the motion of plates in a transform boundary. Plates move apart at divergent plate boundaries such as the oceanic.
Mar 19, 2020 a convergent plate boundary is a location where two tectonic plates are moving toward each other, often causing one plate to slide below the other in a process known as subduction. The descent of one plate beneath the other and deep into the asthenosphere is the most common response to the space problem posed by convergence. Location of transform plate boundary along san andreas fault system in california. The offsets occur on transform faults, which form the second type of plate boundary.
To the west of the fault is the pacific plate, which is moving northwest. Plates, plate boundaries, and driving forces earth science. Severe, shallow earthquakes are associated with transform boundaries. On the present earth, the plate organization has formed two networks. Since not everyone has access to a largeformat printer we offer the poster as a 3page, tabloidsize pdf file that can be printed and taped together. At plate boundaries, plates collide, move apart, move under or over each other, or slide past one another. What are the different types of plate tectonic boundaries. All boundaries except the conservative ones are sites of major geological activity. Transform boundaries the san andreas fault in california is an example of a transform boundary, where two plates grind past each other along what are called strikeslip faults. At a destructive or convergent boundary the plates move towards each other. Different exam boards and textbooks may use different names for each of the. Plate motion is parallel to the plate boundary and can result in very large earthquakes. We see the denser oceanic plate diving beneath the continental plate. Plate tectonics it was from the continental drift theory, convection current theory and the theory of seafloor spreading, the theory of plate tectonics was formulated.
In particular, it is important to call attention to the main difference between. The lithosphere lithosphere is comprised of the upper mantle and the crust, the outer shell of the earth. The grinding action between the plates at a transform plate boundary results in shallow earthquakes, large lateral displacement of rock, and a broad zone of crustal deformation. Plate boundary movements and their results foldable. Apr 02, 2015 identification of the key features that are present at a transform plate boundary. Thus, at convergent boundaries, continental crust is created and oceanic crust is destroyed. New oceanic crust is created at this boundary when basalt magma, formed in the mantle, rises into fractures in the crust and solidifies. Plate boundaries divergent margin convergent margin transform fault arrows show relative motion most of the worlds earthquakes and volcanoes are found at or near the boundary between two tectonic plates. Plate tectonics is a theory developed in the late 1960s, to explain how the outer layers of the. Oreo cookie plate tectonics kyrene school district. Transform boundaries pink marker finally, we watch the video until 10.
A convergent boundary occurs as two plates collide together and form features such as mountains. Such boundaries are called transform plate boundaries because they connect other plate boundaries in various combinations, transforming the site of plate motion. Two main types of tectonic plates the two main types of tectonic plates are oceanic plates and continental plates. The majority of transform faults link the offset segments of oceanic ridges. At a constructive or divergent boundary the plates move apart. Tectonic plates are in constant, although extremely slow, movement.
Compare and contrast divergent, convergent, and transform plate boundaries. Asked in borders and boundaries what are the names of the. The arrows below the boundary a label will move the plates. Transform margins are conservative in the sense that along these margins material is translated, not created or destroyed. Key concepts include e changes in earths crust due to plate tectonics. Plate tectonics strand earth patterns, cycles, and change topic investigating plate tectonics primary sol 5. Like all plate boundaries, the movement of crust along transform and strikeslip faults creates earthquakes. Plate tectonics have shaped the continents for millions of years. These thin, wide tectonic plates move around on the globe independent of one another. Divergent or rift boundaries where plates separate and new lithosphere is created in the gap to generate planetary surface area. At transform plate boundaries, theyre neither convergent or divergent. At the end of the lesson, students reflect and apply their new understanding of the geosphere by examining how the earths systems interact when two plates collide.
Lightly shade in each tectoniclithospheric plate with a different color if possible. Plate boundary simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Tectonics plates map worsksheet leon county schools. Click the left arrow once to see how the plates move. For example, a complicated earthquake pattern is produced by a wide, poorly understood plate boundary zone between the eurasian and african plates in the mediterranean region.
Figure 4 plates may move past one another in this activity youwill observe the relationship. The san andreas fault is undoubtedly the most famous transform boundary in the world. For example, the scotia plate is surrounded by two major plates. Their movements cause land to separate, islands to form, mountains to rise, water to cover land and earthquakes. Propelled by intense heat simmering beneath the crust or the propelled by intense heat simmering beneath the crust or the mantle, earths surface is dramatically reshaping itself in an endless, slow motion movement called plate tectonics. Since the development of the theory, geologists have had to reexamine almost every aspect of. The movement that happens relative to these fault lines is referred to as either a sinistral movement a movement that occurs to the left of the fault or a dextral movement a movement that occurs to the faults right. The theory of plate tectonics describes how the plates move, interact, and change the physical landscape. At the transform conservative plate boundaries, the lateral strikeslip. Technique for analyzing bedrock could help builders, planners identify safe building. A smaller number connect midocean ridges and subduction zones. Since transform boundaries and transform faults neither create land or destroy the land, they are sometimes dubbed conservative boundaries.
The most famous of these is the 1200km 750mi long san andreas fault. The collision of tectonic plates can result in earthquakes, volcanoes, the formation of mountains, and other geological events. Draw a birdseye view of the plate boundary before and after the plate motion. Jan 17, 2020 there are three types of plate boundaries or zones, each of which features a different type of plate interaction. Assesses their understanding of plate tectonics and plate boundaries. I can describe the physical features and geological processes at a transform plate boundary. Describe how convection currents might be the cause of plate tectonics. Plate boundary analysis troup county school district. Other articles where transform plate boundary is discussed. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Describe the effects of plate tectonics found at each type of boundary.
The others are convergent boundaries where plates collide and divergent boundaries where plates split apart. Transform plate boundaries and fracture zones is a timely reference for a variety of researchers, including geophysicists, seismologists, structural geologists and tectonicists, as well as. Currently, features on earths crust can be observed as consequences of plate tectonics. Tes global ltd is registered in england company no 02017289 with its registered office at 26 red lion square london wc1r 4hq. A convergent plate boundary exists where two plates move toward one another converging platers that carry continents will produce mountain ranges, like the.
Plate tectonics information and facts national geographic. Continental drift, sea floor spreading and plate tectonics plate tectonics is a theory developed in the late 1960s, to explain how the outer layers of the earth move and deform. Most transform faults are found in the ocean basin and connect offsets in the midocean ridges. A few boundaries defy simple classification and are referred to as plate boundary zones. Tackley plate tectonics and convection of the solid, rocky mantle are responsible for transporting heat out of earth.
The earths outermost layers the lithosphere are broken into about a dozen or so plates. According to the theory of plate tectonics, the earths lithosphere is broken into distinct plates which are. The tectonic plates are constantly moving around the planet, but very slowly. This transform boundary plays a significant role in the formation of the puerto rico trench. Where convection currents converge, plates move towards each other. Transform boundaries transform boundaries occur where one segment of rigid lithosphere slides horizontally past another in response to stresses in the lithosphere. The most striking result was the sharp bend in the stage pole locations of the iteration results for the nazca plate at 46myr, which. How do plates move relative to each other at convergent plate boundaries. The plate tectonics gizmo shows a crosssection, or side view, of earth. Transform plate boundary a transform plate boundary is a margin between two lithospheric plates that constitutes a regionalscale transform fault. A transform fault may occur in the portion of a fracture zone that exists between different offset spreading centres or that connects spreading centres to deepsea trenches in. One type of tectonic plate boundary a boundary separates the large plates composing earths surface is the convergent boundary.
A divergent boundary occurs as two plates move away from one another and form features such as trenches. Introduction plate boundaries eric us department of education. Transform plate boundaries and fracture zones 1st edition. This thesis investigates crustal deformation and earthquakes along the plate boundary on the reykjanes peninsula, using a variety of geophysical methods. Transform plates boundaries unlike convergent boundaries neither create nor destroy lithosphere. Oceanic plate op vs continental cp or oceanic plate how is it formed. The movement of the plates, and the activity inside the earth, is called plate tectonics. Jun 08, 2015 this video discusses the characteristics of transform plate boundaries where plates slide past each other. Mar 24, 2014 this website and its content is subject to our terms and conditions. Most volcanoes and earthquakes are concentrated near the boundaries between plates. Modeling plate boundaries printable 6th 10th grade.
At convergent plate margins, plates are moving towards one another. In the case of the caribbean plate, most of the northern part of the plate is a transform boundary, movement in opposite direction are caused by the spreading center of the divergent plate boundary located near the cayman islands. The earth is composed of layers of different composition and physical properties, principally the solid central core, the fluid peripheral core, the viscous mantle, and the solid. Convergent boundaries where plates collide, one slides beneath the other, and surface area on earth is consumed. These areas are often associated with high seismicity, as stresses that build up in the sliding crustal slabs are released at intervals to generate earthquakes. Turn your folded paper so that the open end of the fold is facing you. Plates behave differently at different plate boundaries. The plate boundary is marked by a zone of active faultsbreaks in the rock and ground surface caused by plate movements.
Finally plates can also slide past each other horizontally. Tectonic plates tectonic plates are big chunk of solid rocks in earths crust. While all the plates appear to be moving at different speeds and seem independent of each other, the jigsaw puzzle of tectonic plates is interconnected. Plate tectonics is a scientific theory describing the largescale motion of seven large plates and. We examine four examples of transform boundaries between plates and describe how and why. Magma rises into and through the other plate, solidifying into granite, the rock that makes up the continents. Continental drift, sea floor spreading and plate tectonics. Unit 2 builds on ideas from unit 1 hazards at transform plate boundaries, adding the ideas of risk and risk mitigation to seismic hazards associated with transform plate boundaries. When we say that transform faults are conservative plate boundaries, we dont mean that they vote republican or believe in lower tax rates. Students then explore the plate tectonic theory and types of plate boundaries by watching a video and constructing a poster. With a few exceptions, transform plate boundaries do not exhibit volcanoes. Seafloor spreading helps explain continental drift in the theory of plate tectonics.
Plates move apart at divergent plate boundaries such as the oceanic ridge system that separates the north american and eurasian plates in the north atlantic ocean. Bring the bottom of your paper up so that it almost meets the top of your page about 1 to 2 cm away from the top. As plates move, the new crust gradually moves away from the ridge. Transform boundaries also form on larger scales on land like the san andreas fault in western north america and the alpine fault in new zealand. There are three principal types of plate boundary divergent, convergent, and transform. Where convection currents diverge near the earths crust, plates move apart. Types of plate boundaries map identification activity. A farmer just wanted to find water but what happened next surprised the whole world duration. This third type of plate boundary is called a transform boundary. Seafloor spreading occurs at divergent plate boundaries which subsequently create midocean ridges. Convergent margins behave differently depending on whether the lithospheric plates involved are oceanic, continental or one of each. Which plates are converging at the northern border of india.
Transform plate boundaries shirleyka hector classj 2. Resources for world plate boundaries word docs for world plate boundaries mapsthe map on the next page is offered in several formats for classroom use. It ends abruptly where it connects to another plate boundary, either another transform, a spreading ridge, or a subduction zone most such faults are found in oceanic crust, where they accommodate the lateral offset between segments of divergent boundaries, forming a zigzag. Magnetic, gravity, seismic, and deep drill hole data integrated with plate tectonic reconstructions substantiate the existence of a transform plate boundary across southern florida during the jurassic. A strikeslip plate boundary with a simple and pure geometry could be fairly boring. Plate tectonics and crustal features plate tectonics. Transform plate boundaries are locations where two plates slide past one another. Plates crash into each other along convergent plate. At some convergent boundaries, an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate. Luckily, most transcurrent boundaries show a complexity of geometries, and take advantage of a host of crustal irregularities so that they are usually very interesting, showing a rich array of patterns and behavior.
Transform plate boundaries learning objectives of the video. Looks at transform plate boundaries in which two plates slide past each other at a transform fault. Blue arrows show sense of plate motion across the plate boundary. Plate tectonics is the theory that earths outer shell is divided into several plates that glide over the mantle, the molten rocky layer above the core. In 1967, mckenzie and parker suggested the theory of plate tectonics. Volcanoes and earthquakes help define the boundaries between the plates. Spreading ridges are high elevation because the young oceanic plate at the ridge crest is hot and less dense than the older, colder and more dense plate on the flanks of the ridge. Plate tectonics suggests that large features on earths surface, such as continents, ocean basins, and mountain ranges, result from interactions along the edges of large plates of earths outer shell.
Plate boundaries convergent, divergent, and transform. But its neighboring plates controls how much it moves in either direction. There are three different plate boundaries convergent, divergent, and transform. The downgoing oceanic plate eventually warms up to the temperature of the surrounding mantle. What are the three different types of convergent boundaries. Use the table below and the map key on the types of plate boundaries map to draw the correct symbols identifying each type of plate boundary. This is a perfect opportunity to discuss and label the san andreas fault line in california.
Continental collision is the principal mechanism of orogeny and mountain building. In plate tectonics, a divergent boundary or divergent plate boundary is a linear feature that. This suggests a passive role of plate boundaries with respect to far field. Volcanic zone, sisz south iceland seismic zone, evz eastern.
At a conservative or transform boundary the plates slide past each other. Give each group the tectonic plate boundary map and the plate boundary analysis handout give each group a baggiecup with at least 10 chocolate chips and 10 skittles or other hard candy groups should work to plot the location of ten volcanoes and ten earthquakes on the tectonic plate boundary map. There are three overarching types of plate boundaries. Modeling plate boundaries students create a model for each of three types of plate boundaries. Transform plate boundaries and fracture zones bridges the gap between the classic plate tectonic theory and new emerging ideas, offering an assessment of the stateoftheart, pending questions, and future directions in the study of transform plate boundaries and fracture zones. As oceanic lithosphere cools, it becomes denser, and the further away from the plate boundary it moves, the thicker it becomes. The bestknown transform plate boundary is the san andreas fault system, which accommodates the rightlateral displacement between the north american and pacific plates. At what type of plate boundary to tectonic plates slide. Instead, plates slide past each other in the opposite directions. Plasienka encyclopedia of life support systems eolss subduction. Students are expected to come to the activity with the following background. Geomorphology and plate tectonics california state parks ca. The border between two tectonic plates is called a boundary, 2014. Plates crash into each other along convergent plate boundaries marked by volcanoes and mountain belts.
Transform faults are so named because they are linked to other types of plate boundaries. Different plate boundaries create different landforms and events landform. Because of this, plate boundaries are classified into 3 main categories. Source for information on transform plate boundary. Transform boundary definition, examples, formation.
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